Testicular hypoplasia

Testicular hypoplasia is a congenital disorder of the male reproductive system characterized by underdevelopment and reduced size of one or both testicles. The testicles are responsible for producing male sex hormones, particularly testosterone, as well as sperm cells. Reduced testicular size may be associated with impaired function, which can lead to difficulties with conception or, in severe cases, infertility.

Testicular hypoplasia may be unilateral or bilateral. In unilateral hypoplasia, only one testicle is underdeveloped, while the other retains its normal size, structure, and function. The healthy testicle may sometimes increase in size as a compensatory response. Unilateral hypoplasia may not cause significant hormonal abnormalities, although reduced testosterone levels may occur.

Bilateral hypoplasia is characterized by underdevelopment and reduced size of both testicles. It may be associated with significant hormonal abnormalities and pronounced impairment of male reproductive function.

Causes of Testicular Hypoplasia

Pregnancy-related complications affecting fetal development;

Hormonal abnormalities during pregnancy;

Hormone-secreting tumors;

Use of hormonal medications or other substances during pregnancy that may affect fetal development;

Bardet-Biedl syndrome;

Hypogonadism.

Testicular hypoplasia may also develop as a result of prolonged, medically unsupervised use of testosterone, including its use by athletes without a physician’s prescription.

Symptoms of Testicular Hypoplasia

Visibly reduced scrotal size;

Decreased libido and sexual function;

Reduced or absent hair growth on the face, in the pubic area, and in the armpits;

Gynecomastia;

Underdevelopment of secondary sexual characteristics;

Impaired sperm production;

Male infertility.